2013년 10월 26일 토요일

Agustin Turley's blog ::Biden's Ties to Trial Lawyers






Agustin Turley's blog ::Biden's Ties to Trial Lawyers










Abstract:               Proponents               of               tort               reform               state               that               the               litigation               system               is               unreasonable,               capricious,               and               counter-productive.

Proponents               assign               blame               for               the               problem               on               many               variables               such               as               civil               juries               who               are               responsible               for               awarding               high               dollar               settlements               with               little               relation               to               the               merits               of               plaintiffs'               claims.

Proponents               place               blame               on               lawyers               for               being               greedy               because               lawyers               make               incredible               sums               of               money               from               filing               frivolous               lawsuits               and               winning               those               cases.
               Critics               of               tort               reform               dispute               that               studies               illustrate               a               legal               system               that               is               steady               and               conventional.

The               system               has               the               capability               to               sort               legitimate               from               frivolous               claims.

Critics               say               that               even               as               it               is               possible               to               change               the               liability               system               to               address               the               shortcomings,               tort               reform               proposals               like               monetary               caps               on               non-economic               damages               and               attorneys               fees               will               not               do               so.

The               objectives               of               these               proposals               aim               to               lessen               insurance               premiums               by               making               the               system               a               lesser               amount               of               remunerative               for               claimants.

If               caps               on               damages               are               implemented               it               will               only               produce               the               dilemma               of               under-compensation               for               the               most               harmed               and               provide               less               incentives               to               look               after               those               from               danger.
               Introduction:
               There               has               been               an               immense               deal               of               debate               over               the               reform               of               the               United               States               tort               system.

To               recognize               the               argument               we               must               understand               what               is               being               transformed.A               tort               is               an               injury               to               someone's               person,               character,               mind-set,               or               damage               to               real               property.

Under               the               U.S.

system               of               tort               liability,               courts               can               hold               injurers               liable               for               many               different               types               of               torts,               such               as               those               caused               by               medical               malpractice,               flawed               products,               automobile               accidents,               contract               fraud,               and               trespass.

A               plaintiff               can               seek               out               compensatory               damages               to               cover               the               economic               cost               of               an               injury.

Examples               would               be               medical               care               costs               and               lost               wages               related               to               a               specific               injury.

They               can               also               ask               for               damages               for               the               non-economic               costs               of               pain               and               suffering               and               punitive               damages.

Punitive               damages               are               intended               to               reprimand               a               defendant               for               willful               and               wanton               conduct.

Tort               law               is               based               first               and               foremost               on               common               law               in               which               judicial               regulations               are               developed               on               a               case-by-case               basis               by               trial               judges               rather               than               on               legislation.
               Legal               scholars               agree               that               tort               liability               has               grown               over               the               years               creating               more               opportunity               for               victim               compensation               in               areas               of               medical               malpractice               and               product               liability.

The               idea               was               broad               tort               liability               would               compensate               injured               parties               and               reduce               the               level               of               accidents.

The               anxiety               is               the               tort               system               has               gone               too               far               in               awarding               high               dollar               award               settlements               thus               reducing               growth               of               business               in               the               United               States.
               The               Issues:
               Medical               professionals               and               businesses               operate               with               excessive               costs               that               lead               to               higher               prices               for               consumers               based               on               costs               associated               with               insurance               premiums               that               provide               liability               when               a               lawsuit               occurs.

The               following               chart               illustrates               the               rise               in               medical               malpractice               costs               based               on               tort               costs.
               American               corporations               complain               the               costs               put               them               in               an               unfair               competitive               position               when               competing               in               the               global               marketplace.

Several               other               issues               about               the               tort               system               are               attorneys'               fees               are               too               high,               punitive               damages               and               compensatory               damages               for               pain               and               suffering               are               often               awarded               arbitrarily.

Businesses               claim               class               action               suits               are               easily               abused               by               attorneys.

Doctors               claim               that               medical               malpractice               lawsuits               are               driving               up               the               costs               of               liability               insurance               for               physicians               to               the               point               that               some               of               them               are               restricting               their               practices,               retiring,               or               not               entering               the               field.

There               is               also               concern               that               fair               compensation               for               victims               of               torts               is               limited               by               frivolous               lawsuits               and               excessive               awards               of               non-economic               damages,               which               increase               the               likelihood               of               bankruptcy               for               businesses.
               The               proliferation               of               lawsuits               has               created               fear               of               the               tort               system               among               businesses.

Instead               of               concentrating               on               support               of               deregulation               at               the               federal               level,               lobbyists               are               more               concerned               about               the               tort               system.

This               leads               many               industry               associations               to               actually               want               federal               agencies               to               have               more               regulatory               authority               with               regards               to               the               tort               system.
               Critic's               challenge               that               if               lawsuits               hurt               businesses               and               slow               the               economy               as               much               as               is               being               declared               then               how               it               that               CEO's               of               Fortune               500               companies               are               being               compensated               with               bonuses               and               stock               options               year               after               year.

If               businesses               were               damaged               as               much               by               lawsuits               as               claimed               could               they               really               afford               such               generous               pay               increases               or               bonuses               to               their               CEO's?
               What               has               been               done?
               Since               the               1980s               a               number               of               states               enacted               statutes               restricting               tort               lawsuits.

The               statutes               were               enacted               in               response               to               problems               in               insurance               costs               and               availability.

The               idea               is               that               by               limiting               the               exposure               of               firms               the               liability               insurance               premiums               they               would               have               to               pay               would               decrease.

The               chart               below               depicts               the               states               that               have               total               damage               and               non-economic               caps               established               as               of               2006.
               Despite               reforms               at               the               state               level               there               are               many               people               who               see               a               role               for               a               federal               approach               to               regulate               caps               on               damage               claims.

Because               all               states               do               not               have               a               cap               most               states               are               in               favor               of               federal               regulation               to               make               laws               standardized               for               businesses               that               manufacture               and               sell               goods               and               services               in               multiple               states.

This               would               limit               venue               shopping               which               is               a               practice               in               which               a               plaintiff               has               the               ability               to               choose               what               jurisdiction               to               bring               a               lawsuit               in               to               find               one               where               the               laws               are               most               favorable               for               their               claim.

Large               and               unique               liability               cases               such               as               asbestos               and               tobacco               would               benefit               from               a               federal               standardized               approach               to               regulating               or               implementing               a               cap               on               damages.
               In               response               to               these               concerns               recent               legislation               has               been               introduced               and               passed.

President               Bush               signed               Public               Law               No:               109-2,               the               Class               Action               Fairness               Act               of               2005.

The               goal               is               to               reduce               lawsuit               costs               by               sending               more               state               cases               over               to               federal               courts,               where               stricter               rules               on               class               action               suits               tend               to               result               in               less               favorable               judgments.

Proponents               of               the               law               recognize               that               while               class               actions               can               be               important               for               corporate               accountability               they               have               also               seen               considerable               abuse.

Proponents               claim               lawyers               invent               their               own               clients               and               bring               claims               in               jurisdictions               considered               compassionate               or               sympathetic               to               hear               their               case.

By               threatening               these               large               lawsuits               they               are               in               effect               extorting               settlements               that               enrich               them               while               giving               very               little               to               clients               who               may               not               have               even               been               aware               of               the               litigation.

By               moving               the               cases               into               federal               court               the               lawsuits               will               face               stricter               rules               and               consolidation               of               claims               will               be               easier               to               handle               versus               a               case               by               case               decision.
               Critics               of               the               law               believe               that               since               nearly               all               major               class-action               lawsuits               would               be               moved               from               state               courts               to               already               over               packed               federal               courts               with               new               bureaucratic               obstacles               and               backlogs               the               cases               would               be               postponed               or               deprived               of               equal               justice.

Critics               feel               it               would               discourage               plaintiffs               from               pursuing               legitimate               claims               in               the               first               place               thus               allowing               a               company               to               go               unpunished.
               The               United               States               House               of               Representative               passed               Bill               Number:HR               5,               Malpractice               Liability               Reform.

The               bill               sets               forth               provisions               regulating               lawsuits               for               health               care               liability               claims               pertaining               to               the               provision               of               health               care               products               or               services               or               any               medical               product               involved               in               interstate               commerce.

It               would               also               set               a               statute               of               limitations               of               three               years               after               the               date               of               an               injury               or               one               year               after               the               claimant               discovers               the               injury.

HR               5               provides               that               nothing               in               this               Act               limits               recovery               of               the               full               amount               of               available               economic               damages.

HR               5               limits               non-economic               damages               to               $250,000.

It               provides               for               comparative               negligence               which               makes               each               party               liable               only               for               the               amount               of               damages               directly               proportional               to               such               party's               percentage               of               responsibility.

The               bill               authorizes               the               award               of               punitive               damages               only               when               it               is               proven               by               clear               and               convincing               evidence               that               a               person               acted               with               malicious               intent               to               injure               the               claimant               or               deliberately               failed               to               circumvent               unnecessary               injury               they               knew               the               claimant               was               substantially               certain               to               suffer.
               HR               5               limits               punitive               damages               to               the               greater               of               two               times               the               amount               of               economic               damages               or               $250,000.

Plus               it               limits               the               liability               of               manufacturers,               distributors,               suppliers,               and               providers               of               medical               products               that               act               in               accordance               with               Federal               Drug               Administration               (FDA)               standards.
               Critics               of               limiting               liability               of               those               who               comply               with               federal               standards               mention               the               situation               that               happened               in               Michigan.

Former               Governor               John               Engler               signed               a               bill               prior               to               leaving               office               preventing               citizens               from               suing               pharmaceutical               companies               for               injuries               caused               by               drugs               approved               by               the               FDA.

Michigan               citizens               who               were               injured               or               killed               by               Vioxx,               Zyprexa,               or               any               other               FDA-approved               drugs               have               no               legal               recourse               to               sue               to               recover               their               medical               bills.

Who               ends               up               paying               if               the               pharmaceuticals               don't               have               to?

The               injured               person's               medical               insurance               does,               if               they               have               insurance               or               they               have               to               file               for               bankruptcy.

The               outcome               then               requires               insurance               companies               to               raise               health               insurance               premiums               to               make               up               the               difference.

If               an               injured               person               has               no               insurance               or               money               to               pay               the               doctors               and               medical               facility               that               provided               such               treatment               they               will               be               forced               to               take               a               loss               on               the               medical               claim.

In               turn               the               medical               facility               or               doctor               will               raise               their               fees               to               make               up               for               the               loss.

If               an               injured               person               is               on               Medicaid               then               the               taxpayers               pay               the               costs.

Critics               contend               it               is               clear               this               type               of               legislation               will               do               nothing               to               prevent               rising               health               care               costs               or               help               the               average               person               receive               reasonable               affordable               healthcare.
               Many               who               support               HR               5               consider               that               limiting               damages               is               the               solution               to               the               broader               challenges               confronting               the               U.S.

health               system.

In               their               view,               capping               damages               will               lead               to               lower               malpractice               premiums               and               will               reduce               doctors'               use               of               unnecessary               tests               and               procedures               that               are               considered               defensive               medicine               versus               preventable               medicine.

This               will               result               in               lower               costs               of               care               allowing               more               people               to               afford               insurance               coverage.

Those               on               the               other               side               of               the               argument               point               to               an               analysis               by               the               Congressional               Budget               Office               which               stated               that               the               malpractice               bill               would               benefit               physicians               and               the               government               but               would               only               decrease               private               health               insurance               premiums               0.4               percent               if               that               taking               into               account               inflation.
               The               American               Academy               of               Family               Physicians               (AAFP)               supports               placing               caps               on               medical               damage               lawsuits.

They               allude               to               a               study               on               their               web               site               in               which               the               authors               state               that               total               caps               and               hard               non-economic               damages               caps               could               provide               for               lower               premiums               for               malpractice               insurance               thus               lowering               the               cost               of               health               care               in               the               long               run.
               If               insurance               companies               could               predict               the               worst               payment               on               a               claim               and               the               extent               of               the               liability               exposure               their               clients               have               they               can               adjust               premiums.

Critics               contend               that               will               not               protect               the               public               from               medical               malpractice.

As               the               graph               represents               above               the               average               claim               for               medical               malpractice               in               the               United               States               in               2007               was               $323,733               with               a               total               cost               for               all               states               equal               to               $$3,717,105,850               ("The               Henry               J.

Kaiser               Family               Foundation").

These               costs               are               passed               on               to               citizens               that               use               health               care               and               are               increasing               costs               on               services               and               products               year               after               year.
               One               of               the               reasons               that               jury               awards               are               so               high               has               to               do               with               punitive               damages.

Punitive               damages               are               used               to               punish               a               party               who               did               something               that               the               jury               wants               to               make               sure               never               happens               again,               such               as               deliberately               manufacturing               and               selling               a               product               that               is               dangerous               to               the               public               or               hiring               an               employee               in               a               sensitive               position               who               failed               a               background               check.

Unfortunately,               in               corporate               America               the               most               effective               way               to               dissuade               a               company               from               unethical               or               illegal               activities               is               to               reprimand               them               financially.
               Taking               money               echoes               louder               than               any               other               deterrent               available               to               ruling               in               a               lawsuit.

Juries               who               want               to               punish               those               who               commit               acts               that               are               intended,               malicious,               or               egregious               do               so               by               awarding               punitive               damages               to               a               claimant.

Punitive               damage               awards               can               be               looked               upon               as               a               fine.

Instead               of               the               court               collecting               a               fine               the               punitive               damage               award               goes               to               the               plaintiff               of               the               lawsuit.

Occasionally,               juries               are               outraged               by               a               defendant's               behavior               in               court               and               award               disproportionate               punitive               damages               to               a               claimant               based               on               emotions.

These               verdicts               are               reported               to               the               public               creating               the               perception               of               greedy               plaintiffs               and               lawyers               just               trying               to               make               a               quick               monetary               amount.

What               is               not               always               reported               are               the               conditions               that               caused               the               jury               to               award               the               verdict               to               a               claimant?
               One               such               example               is               the               following:               Knowing               that               a               company               was               making               over               $1.3               million               dollars               a               day               selling               a               product               that               the               company               knew               could               cause               second               and               third               degree               burns               to               their               customers               and               during               the               ten               years               they               sold               the               product               that               over               700+               people               who               received               burns               during               this               time.

Also,               the               product               is               sold               as               harmless;               however,               the               product               can               cause               third-degree               burns               to               the               skin               within               two               seconds               when               dropped               on               the               customer's               skin               and               the               company               refuses               to               fix               the               product               even               though               it               would               cost               very               little.

These               facts               represent               the               famous               McDonalds               coffee               burning               case               that               is               used               as               one               of               the               main               anecdotes               for               the               argument               for               tort               reform.

McDonalds               sold               coffee               at               180-190               degrees               for               ten               years.

Over               700+               people               had               been               burned               during               this               time               that               was               reported               anyways               before               this               case.

McDonalds               refused               to               lower               the               temperature               of               their               coffee.

Stella               Liebeck               from               Albuquerque,               New               Mexico               was               the               woman               who               brought               and               won               the               famous               case.

She               was               79               years               old               and               received               third-degree               burns               to               her               legs,               thighs,               and               genitals               when               her               cup               of               coffee               spilled               on               her               lap.

The               hot               coffee               soaked               into               her               pants,               and               she               was               unable               to               prevent               the               burns.

She               had               to               go               through               excruciating               two               years               of               painful               skin               grafts               and               was               left               with               permanent               scars.
               She               offered               to               settle               for               $20,000               the               amount               of               her               medical               bills               and               McDonalds               offered               her               $800               so               without               compromise               the               case               was               taken               to               court.

Although               the               huge               $2.7               million               dollar               verdict               was               widely               reported               the               judge               in               the               case               reduced               the               award               to               $480,000.00               and               it               was               later               settled               for               an               undisclosed               amount               to               avoid               a               lengthy               appeals               process.

Although               tort               reformers               cite               this               case               as               a               need               for               a               change               in               the               legal               system               one               fact               they               forget               is               the               day               "after               the               verdict               the               temperature               of               McDonald's               coffee               was               changed               to               158               degrees"               ("Public               Citizen").

You               would               have               to               say               in               this               case               the               tort               system               worked               at               least               in               the               claimants               view               by               changing               the               operational               procedures               of               McDonalds               in               how               they               heat               their               coffee.
               Why               Tort               Reform?
               Whenever               there               is               discussion               of               tort               reform-               damage               caps               are               always               at               the               top.

When               you               think               those               who               are               most               harmed               by               damage               caps               are               those               people               who               have               suffered               the               greatest               damages.

We               can               take               a               look               at               what               other               countries               are               doing               to               eliminate               frivolous               and               huge               monetary               awards               for               claims.

The               tort               systems               of               European               nations               are               similar               to               the               American               system.

There               are               some               aspects               that               put               the               United               States               legal               system               in               the               position               or               open               it               to               the               criticism               it               receives.

The               United               States               does               not               make               the               losing               party               responsible               for               the               legal               fees               and               costs               of               the               person               winning               a               claim.

American               law               places               no               limitations               on               contingency               fees.

American               law               has               a               very               soaring               volume               of               civil               jury               trials.

These               issues               support               exploratory               tort               litigation               and               that               is               one               of               the               biggest               problems               facing               the               American               tort               system               because               the               greed               of               lawyers               and               citizens               looking               to               make               money.
               An               exploratory               claim               is               a               claim               whose               success               does               not               depend               on               the               legal               merits               of               a               claim               as               much               as               they               do               on               good               fortune               by               settling               or               convincing               a               jury               that               damage               did               occur.

For               example,               the               Dow               Corning               breast               implants               case               where               attorneys               forced               the               bankruptcy               of               Dow               Corning               despite               the               lack               of               scientific               evidence               supporting               their               claims               of               the               danger               of               silicone               breast               implants.

Most               people               in               the               scientific               field               do               not               believe               silicon               implants               are               dangerous.

The               plaintiffs'               causation               theory               is               contrary               to               the               scientific               evidence.

The               cases               are               brought               by               plaintiffs'               attorneys               who               know               the               case               has               a               high               economic               potential               and               a               jury               can               sometimes               be               persuaded               to               issue               a               ruling               contrary               to               the               scientific               evidence               based               on               performance               in               a               court               room.

The               attorneys               play               the               game               of               "pitiful               ole               me"               by               painting               a               picture               of               presumed               guilt               on               the               company               thus               removing               a               ruling               from               evidence               based               to               a               sympathetic               ruling               by               a               jury.
               Many               other               cases               are               brought               to               trial               with               the               intention               of               performing               a               fishing               expedition               by               a               party.

You               can               go               through               all               of               the               defendant's               internal               documents               through               discovery               for               a               very               minimal               investment.

If               an               attorney               gets               lucky               there               could               be               a               document               in               the               company's               files               that               are               damaging               and               the               attorney               will               be               able               to               compel               a               large               settlement               versus               going               to               trial               without               much               investment               in               the               case.
               Another               good               example               of               fishing               expeditions,               if               you're               in               a               automobile               wreck               in               North               Carolina               you               will               be               overwhelmed               with               advertisements               from               lawyers,               chiropractors               and               automobile               shops               even               before               you               file               a               claim               with               an               insurance               provider.

Why               is               this               allowed?

Those               specific               professions               will               purchase               your               accident               report               from               the               police               department               along               with               all               your               contact               information               on               that               form.

We               can               think               "Public               Records               Request"               statutes               for               this               because               this               increases               costs               for               insurance               and               medical               care               where               those               professions               are               looking               to               make               a               quick               settlement               out               of               court.

North               Carolina               would               be               a               great               target               for               tort               reform               from               frivolous               claims               by               eliminating               this               process               of               allowing               those               professions               to               contact               people               that               have               been               involved               in               an               accident.
               In               most               countries               outside               the               United               States               civil               trials               are               not               decided               by               a               jury.

The               need               for               juries               in               civil               trials               is               not               the               same               as               criminal               trials.

England               began               to               restrict               the               use               of               juries               in               civil               trials               in               1933,               and               Australia,               Canada,               and               Scotland               have               all               followed               suit.

In               England               today,               the               jury               is               used               in               less               than               1               percent               of               civil               cases.
               Juries               in               civil               cases               do               not               always               make               coherent               decisions               with               the               information               presented               to               them.

A               trial               lawyer               can               never               predict               what               combination               of               principle               and               prejudice               will               motivate               the               jury               in               a               case.

Juries               are               not               allowed               to               make               clear               the               reasons               for               their               decisions               in               a               particular               case.

This               means               their               verdicts               have               no               value               to               provide               guidance               in               similar               like               cases.

Juries               are               not               bound               by               judicial               opinions               and               do               not               have               to               reject               prior               claims               based               on               the               same               evidence.

Attorneys               in               the               United               States               can               play               litigation               lottery               hoping               for               an               easy               case               to               either               settle               or               win               over               a               jury.

They               can               bring               the               claim               before               several               juries               hoping               a               few               awards               will               over               compensate               for               a               larger               number               of               losses.

The               reason               judges               should               preside               over               these               types               of               cases               is               because               judges               state               the               reasons               for               their               rulings               and               if               a               judge               issues               a               reasonable               opinion               to               reject               an               uncertain               claim               other               judges               will               respect               the               judgment               and               bring               the               litigation               to               an               end.
               Another               large               problem               with               juries               is               they               often               do               not               identify               with               the               evidence               put               before               them               or               the               use               of               legal               jargon               used               in               a               courtroom               by               attorneys.

A               study               conducted               by               the               American               Bar               Association               found               problems               with               jurors               being               able               to               understand               multifaceted               evidence               presented               in               a               case.

The               study               found               that               jurors               have               a               tendency               to               ignore               complicated               expert               testimony               offered               to               them.

This               adds               to               the               difference               of               opinion               that               judges               who               are               often               better               educated               than               jurors               also               have               many               advantages               in               making               a               ruling               in               a               case.

They               have               the               aptitude               to               ask               for               and               study               written               argument.

Judges               can               also               seek               advice               from               outside               experts               if               they               need               to               on               a               specific               subject               involved               in               a               case.
               Some               people               dispute               that               judges               in               states               where               they               are               elected               officials               have               an               enticement               to               favor               in-state               plaintiffs               over               out-of-state               corporations               in               product               liability               cases.

Judges               must               validate               their               rulings               in               writing.

A               judge               forced               by               considerations               other               than               legal               considerations               will               need               to               issue               an               opinion               justifying               the               findings               on               legal               and               balanced               ground               and               if               judges               cannot               a               higher               court               will               overrule               their               decision.

Juries               can               make               their               rulings               on               emotion               or               other               interpretations               and               not               always               based               on               legal               evidence.

Juries'               rulings               are               upheld               if               there               is               any               evidence               supporting               their               position               in               a               case.

Judges               written               opinions               are               openly               available               and               they               have               their               professional               reputations               at               stake               in               making               a               decision               regarding               a               case.
               Civil               jury               trials               can               not               be               dissolved               because               the               Seventh               Amendment               of               the               Constitution               requires               a               civil               jury               in               federal               trials               if               requested               by               any               party.

Courts               have               the               authority               to               grant               pretrial               summary               judgment               to               either               side               if               the               other               side               is               not               able               to               show               a               justifiable               issue               of               material               fact.

Summary               judgments               have               become               a               priceless               tool               for               defendants               in               complex               cases               involving               a               plaintiff               seen               as               the               little               guy               against               large               corporations.

Courts               have               also               found               the               best               way               to               stop               juries               from               relying               on               bad               scientific               testimony               is               to               screen               it               pretrial               for               justifiable               evidence.
               Another               way               to               determine               the               amount               of               damages               is               to               have               the               jury               choose               if               damages               should               be               awarded               and               have               judges               decide               on               the               amount               of               the               award.

Judges               determine               sentencing               in               criminal               cases               where               as               the               jury               determines               guilt.

By               having               judges               decide               on               amounts               of               award               in               cases               found               by               juries               that               the               plaintiff               is               justified               in               receiving               compensation               would               curb               unjustifiable               monetary               awards.
               Conclusion:
               The               determination               of               liability               and               the               amount               of               the               award               for               compensation               directly               affects               the               actions               of               potential               defendants.

By               placing               monetary               caps               on               damage               awards               the               wrong               message               is               being               established.

Those               people               who               are               the               most               harmed               would               be               harmed               to               a               greater               extent               with               caps               in               place               thus               putting               the               financial               burden               on               them               to               live               with.

In               the               case               of               Jessica               Santillan               who               lost               her               life               because               of               mistakes               made               by               physicians               at               Duke               Medical               Center               would               $250,000               be               adequate               compensation?

It               is               very               difficult               to               make               the               case               that               it               would               be               based               on               the               outcome               of               those               events.

When               you               know               all               the               facts               behind               the               McDonald's               coffee               burning               judgment               the               award               does               not               seem               so               outlandish.

Civil               trial               monetary               awards               play               an               important               role               by               encouraging               appropriate               behavior               and               accountability               to               provide               the               American               people               safe               products               and               non-negligent               services.

Any               legal               reform               must               take               the               anecdotal               evidence               and               outrageous               claims               by               both               sides               of               the               argument               and               replace               them               with               reliable               statistics               and               open               dialogue               among               all               parties.

We               need               to               find               a               common               ground               that               address               the               problems               faced               by               our               tort               system               and               then               work               toward               real               solutions               that               are               justifiable               and               compensate               a               legitimate               victim               for               reasonable               expenses               based               on               their               specific               case.
               Bibliography:
               1.

Franklin,               Will.

"Tort               Reform."               07               Feb.

2007.

November               10,               2008.
               <               www.willisms.com/.../02/trivia_tidbit_o_415.html.>
               2.

"Get               Tort               Reform               Right."               January               10,               2005.

Page               A16               ©               2005.

The               Washington               Post.
               3.

House               Resolution,               H.R.

5,               Help               Efficient,               Accessible,               Low-cost,               Timely               Healthcare               (HEALTH)               Act               of               2005.
               4.

Legal               Myths:               The               McDonald's               "Hot               Coffee"               Case.

Public               Citizen.

November               30,               1999
               5.

Liebeck               v.

McDonald's               Restaurants,               No.

CV-93-02419,               1995               (N.M.

Dist.

Aug.

18,               1994).
               6.

"Medical               Malpractice:               Impact               of               the               Crisis               and               Effect               of               State               Tort               Reforms."               May               2006.

The               Robert               Wood               Johnson               Foundation.

November               5,               2008
               7.

"Payments               on               Medical               Malpractice               Claims."               2007.

The               Henry               J.

Kaiser               Family               Foundation.

November               7,               2008.
               8.

"Procedural               Tort               Reform,               Lessons               from               Other               Nations."               David               E.

Bernstein,               1996,               Vol.

19,               No.

1.

Copyright               1997               Cato               Institute.
               9.

Public               Law               No:               109-2,               109th               Congress:               Class               Action               Fairness               Act               of               2005.




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